星期二, 5月 30, 2006

IN DEEP APPRECIATION AND AFFECTION FOR CHANG HUNG-YI (對張弘毅深切的鑑賞及愛慕)

By Ron Norman 18/5/06

Peter Chang was an enormously talented composer, and my friend. He wrote so many beautiful memorable melodies for Taiwan's great singers, delicately controlled emotional soundtracks for Taiwan's great film directors, and passionate music that successfully merged traditional Chinese and Western classical.
張弘毅是一位極富才華的作曲家,也是我的朋友。他曾為台灣一流歌手寫下許多動聽難忘的歌曲,為台灣傑出電影導演,製作出敏銳適度有情感的聲帶,也譜出許多熱情洋溢的作品,成功地融合了中西古典音樂。

I knew Chang Hung-Yi since first coming to Taiwan in 1985, to work on Taiwan director Tan Han-Chung's three extraordinary films with Peter – Dark Night (An Yeh), Split of the Spirit (Li Gui Chan Juan), Rouge of the North (Yuan Nu) – together with singing stars Pan Yue-Yuen, Chang Shu-Na, Chyi Yu, and talented young Lu Szu-Chih, who wrote the words to Chyi's title song, one of Peter's favorites lyrics.
我是在1985年第一次來台灣時認識張弘毅的,那時是因與弘毅合作由但漢章導演的三部非常傑出的電影–《暗夜》,《離魂》,及《怨女》。一同合作的還有潘越雲, 江淑娜, 齊豫等歌星,及年輕有天份的呂思志,齊豫唱的主題曲《怨女》的歌詞就是他寫的,那也是弘毅最喜愛的歌詞之一。

Over the last two decades, I have sadly watched the popular commercial decline of countless luminous Taiwan artists. The loss to the quality of culture (and life) in Taiwan is enormous.
在過去這二十年來,我悲哀地目睹無數顯耀的台灣藝術家,在流行商業下衰退落沒。這是台灣文化(及生活)品質的巨大損失。

Taiwan is traditionally supposed to respect its elders, yet modern Taiwan culture copies the cruel American obsession with youth, because that is where the greatest profits are. Unfortunately, Taiwanese entertainment industry leaders are no less greedy and culturally nearsighted than the tycoons in modern Capitalist China.
台灣傳統上應是敬老尊賢的,然而近代文化卻抄習殘酷無情的美國式觀念,一昧重視年輕人,因為最大商業價值是在那兒。很不幸的是,台灣娛樂界的領導者,其貪婪與對文化的短視,並不亞於現在大陸的資本家。

In Vietnam, another Asian culture destructively colonized by American values, master artists like Khanh Ly, Elvis Phuong, Thai Chau, and Che Linh cannot get work and are forcibly retired, because they are considered "too old" by those who control the culture market.
越南是另一個受到美國式價值觀破壞的亞洲文化。在那裡,藝術大師如Khanh Ly, Elvis Phuong, Thai Chau, 及 Che Linh都因找不到工作而被迫退休,因那群控制文化市場的人認為這些大師年紀太大了。

Taiwan, too, often abandons its great mature artists, throwing them in the trash bin of forgotten history, the same way it discards historic buildings, factories, farmers, and fishermen.
台灣的情況也一樣,屢屢背棄它優秀資深的藝術家,將他們丟棄於被遺忘的歷史垃圾箱裡,正如它摒棄歷史建築,工廠,農夫,及漁人。

Yet, ironically, in America, inventor of Youth Culture, stars like Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Ella Fitzgerald, Bob Dylan, and the Rolling Stones still recorded and sold-out concerts into their old-age.
但很諷刺的是,在美國,提倡青年文化的名人,例如法蘭克辛納屈,東尼班尼特,艾拉費茲傑拉,巴布狄倫,及滾石合唱團,即使他們年紀大了,仍舊在出唱片,音樂會也賣的場場爆滿。

When will Taiwanese respect and USE the gifts from its older artists who courageously open their hearts and spirits to provide nourishment, hope, and visions of a life worth living?
台灣人什麼時後才會重用本土資深藝術家的創作? 這群藝術家曾勇敢地打開自己的心靈,為這可貴的生命帶來滋潤,希望,及憧憬。

Respect does not mean handing out Presidential medals, Golden Horses and Golden Melody Awards. Respect means enthusiastically supporting and promoting artists so they can sustain their creative voice to reach out to the community.
所謂尊重不是授予總統獎章,金馬獎,及金曲獎。尊重是熱心地贊助及宣揚這些藝術家,使他們可以維持其富有創造力的聲音,得以廣達到社會大眾。

Peter Chang was rightly frustrated because, at the height of his creative power, his voice was cut-off, ignored by younger singers, music companies, film producers and directors, TV and radio programmers, the media, and the most bitter reality of all, Taiwanese audiences.
張弘毅理當是很失意的,因為,正值他創作的高峰,他的聲音被截斷了,被忽視了 - 被年輕一代的歌手,音樂公司,電影製片人及導演,電視及收音機節目製作人,大眾媒體,以及最痛苦的現實是被台灣的聽眾。

Every weekend in Hsimenting, new cute boys and girls with limited talent and average voices, are cynically marketed to teenagers to sell CDs. They sing forgettable sweet, emotionless songs, written by forgettable composers.
可笑的是,在西門町的每個周末,總有漂亮新面孔的男孩女孩,在推銷他們的專輯給青少年。他們資質有限、嗓子平平,唱的是那種悅耳但沒感情的歌,那曲子和作曲者也讓人記不得。

Chang's songs, and the singers who performed them, are never forgettable. They touch hidden emotional pressure points deep within our individual and cultural life experiences.
張弘毅的歌,以及唱他的歌的歌手,卻是永遠不會被人遺忘的。他們能觸動埋藏在我們內心深處,個人和文化背景的感情穴位。

Like most of us, Peter had so many worthy unfulfilled dreams – composing operas and theater scores, working with me on a Taiwan film, touching the hearts of young audiences, teaching new generations the limitless creative possibilities of music.
如我們一般,弘毅還有許多尚未完成的夢想 – 例如歌劇作曲及戲劇配樂,與我合作一部台灣電影,啟發年輕聽眾的內心,教導新一代對音樂無止境創作的可能性。

Peter's CD with Lin Geh-Hsieh and the London Symphony Orchestra is just one glimpse of his unused potential. His emotional musical contributions to Taiwan's democracy is another. (Peter's powerful musical expression of idealistic hope for Taiwan was written before the DPP lost its focus and became corrupted, like all political parties in all nations.)
從弘毅與林志炫及倫敦交響樂團合作的CD,就可以略微看到他尚未發揮的潛能。在他為台灣民主運動所作富有感情的作品中,也可一瞥。(弘毅強有力的音樂,表達對台灣的理想希望,是寫於民進黨尚未遺失焦點及未腐敗前,就如同各國的政黨。)

There are many human tragedies in the world: Africa, America, China, Taiwan politics. Compared to those, Taiwanese rejection of its extraordinary film and music artists may seem insignificant, but it is also a tragedy, for Taiwan and world culture.
世界各地都有人類的悲劇: 在非洲,美洲,中國,及台灣政治。和這些相比,台灣對非凡的電影及音樂藝術家的排斥似乎是微不足道的,但對台灣及世界文化來說,這仍舊是個悲劇。

Peter leaves a wonderful, supportive, strong wife and talented son and daughter. And he leaves us a large library of great music for caring audiences to enjoy forever. I hope sensitive, independent young singers of the future will discover and make use of Chang Hung-Yi's treasures.
弘毅身後留下一位賢慧體貼而堅強的妻子,及頗有天賦的一子一女。同時,他也留給我們許多優美的音樂,讓喜歡他的音樂的聽眾,永遠得以享受。我希望有感性,有獨立性的未來年輕歌手們,能發覺並好好利用張弘毅所留下的寶藏。

I will always remember Peter for his unending search for musical truths…. a larger than life, quiet, modest, idealistic, caring man with a passionate heart.
我將永遠不會忘記弘毅對音樂真理的無止境追求…。他是一位不凡的,沈默的,謙虛的,有理想的,有愛心的人,他有著一顆充滿熱情的心。

星期一, 5月 22, 2006

初夏念故人 by 藍祖蔚


昨夜消息傳來,台灣影壇八0年代最重要的作曲家張弘毅因心臟病發,十一日逝世上海,享年五十七歲。他曾經一個人得過四座金馬獎最佳電影配樂,後來我在公共電視台製作《電影音樂精靈》節目時,第一集就是以他做主角。

在我開始撰寫《電影音樂精靈》一書時,他曾經幾次主動打電話到報社給我,替我打氣,要我替電影音樂多留下一些文字,他的每一次叮嚀,都讓我備感溫暖,由衷感念;他還送了我一本Simon And Garfunkle的傳記書,我才赫然發現我們有這麼相近的興趣。
三年前的初春,我們曾一起把酒迎春,可惜,席未終,人先散,那之後,音訊斷了,有一回陪杜篤之到家裡找他,才知他已搬了家,斷了訊,如今,噩耗傳來,心頭何只惆悵,唯一慶幸的是,我曾經訪談過兩次,留下了一點文字,今天,就以此文,隔海遙祭老友了。
張弘毅,一九五0年出生於台灣省高雄市。曾以「國四英雄傳」獲得金馬獎最佳改編音樂獎,並以「玉卿嫂」、「尼羅河女兒」和「三個女人的故事」獲得金馬獎最佳原著音樂獎。張弘毅個性豪邁,不拘小節,張毅導演形容第一次見到他的時候,好像見到一位殺豬的屠夫;林正盛導演則形容他們的創作靈感,多數來自喝酒吃檳榔的歲月。

問: 很多人學音樂都是因為家庭環境,父母堅持的結果,你呢?
答:一切要從初中談起了。和音樂結緣是從初中開始的,我是高雄出生的外省小孩,生活不是那麼寬裕的,那時考上高雄市立第三中學,也就是現在的獅甲國中,那時候我們的音樂教官是海軍軍樂團的劉英超先生,開始跟著教官在學校的軍樂隊裡學吹小喇叭,後來進入道明中學,又遇上陸軍出身的趙崑和教官,繼續苦練小喇叭,也參加了學校合唱團。這兩位音樂教官對我的音樂啟蒙影響很大,指引我走上音樂人生的道路。

問:後來進入了文化大學?
答:我是先當兵再去考大學,或許是因為初高中的音樂背景,我的小喇叭吹得還不錯,所以我很幸運地分發到憲光藝工隊,負責樂隊演奏,也開始試著去做一些編曲的工作。
別人當兵,要經常出操打野外,我當兵的工作就是每天要準備演出,每天都要表演,這段時間的密集訓練不但養成了我的音樂演奏技藝,也開始讓我有機會去實驗不同的音樂表現形式。

問:退伍之後,你考上了文化大學,可是你唸的卻是土地資源系?
答:是啊,本來是一種轉進策略,考文化,就是希望將來有機會去唸他的音樂系,沒想到學校轉系很困難,可是我真的很愛音樂,土地資源系滿好混的,於是我就白天唸書,晚上就參加統一飯店的樂團演出,賺生活費。
統一飯店在那個年代可以說是貴族出沒的場合,那時後的團長翁孝良,團員夥伴鈕大可、陳復明如今都是名氣響亮的大頭人物了,從此我就過著蝙蝠式生活,白天有一搭沒一搭地唸著書,晚上才是精神百倍地活在音樂中。一直到大學畢業時,我才突然問自己,是不是真的就想這樣過一輩子?有了疑問,就有動作,就開始積極申請到美國唸書。

問:你申請的是美國波士頓很有名的柏克里音樂學院,好萊塢很多知的電影作曲家都是這個學校畢業的,可是你最初唸的是爵士作曲,為什麼?
答:我第一次接觸音樂就是從小喇叭開始,我們學管樂的,很容易就走上爵士音樂的路上去,我還在台灣的時候就很受到翟黑山老師的啟發,對爵士樂很有興趣,也覺得管樂要吹得好,就應該像爵士高手一樣從容不迫,自由有神,當時不知天高地厚,想在爵士樂上打開一片天,就這樣去了美國。
可是爵士樂畢竟是美國土產文化,同樣在玩管樂器,卻因為樂曲中所流通的血液完全不一樣,你技術再好再純熟,吹出來的感覺就是不如老美。到美國後的第一年,我全心全意想在爵士樂上發展,可是人卻完全迷失了。
那時候,我每天都會經過電影作曲系,可是就沒有想到要進去一窺究竟,後來,學業困頓,在百般無聊之餘推門進去,才發現這個系所學的東西正是音樂創作的再應用,就是我最想學的東西,我就和指導教授溝通表示自己摸索了一年多,終於知道自己想要學什麼,學校也很開通,就讓我順利轉系。轉系之後的我,就像進入了一個黑洞,整個人都給吸了進去,快樂,但也滿辛苦的,兩年內修得電影作曲的學士學位。

問:回台灣之後,你還在秀場待過一段時間?
答:民國七十年代初期,台灣社會的娛樂選擇還不是很多,沒有錄影帶,也沒有第四台,連電影和廣播都相當有限,所以秀場很蓬勃,加上我對電影圈又沒有門路,為了生活,就先到那時位於民生西路的秀場工作。那段時間裡,即使是秀場也很流行大樂團的編制,一般的秀,就有八到十個人的編制,提供了很好的機會,讓我能將理論與實務結合。
後來,認識了充滿理想性格的李連楙和林君城等朋友,慢慢就開始了電影作曲的工作。我是在1982年回到台灣,很快就遇上了台灣新電影的浪潮,一群新觀念的年輕工作者成為台灣電影的創作主流,讓我有很多機會去接下很多片子的音樂創作,事實上,我寫下的電影配樂數量,可能都比我的美國老師還要多得多。

問:王童導演的「看海的日子」是你很重要的音樂作品起步?
答:就工作經驗而言,「看海的日子」是我很正式地用音樂結合影像,用音樂表現影像的作品,王童那時也是第一次當導演,他是個電影至高論的人,也就是說電影雖然是第八藝術,卻是所有藝術形式的最高表現,所以他的電影中都希望集合各種電影元素,做最徹底的發揮,他對音樂的要求,總是希望氣魄越大越好,可是,我覺得音樂形式要看電影內容,一味要音樂大,可是電影吃不住,整體搭配的效果就不會好。
王童導演的電影有一種樸性,很厚實的基礎人性內容,可是如果搭配精雕細琢,強調感性的音樂,就會覺得風格不統一,不過,這也是我多次和王童合作之後,自己慢慢領悟出來的音樂原理。

問:和你合作過的導演都提過你有個有名的「公分母」理論?
答:所謂的公分母,就是導演和作曲家的最大共識,我一直認為導演和作曲家都應該是很強悍的人,各自在各自的領域中,都要有絕對的權威,導演的權威大家都知道的,作曲家就像是指揮席上的指揮,不管演奏家多大牌,就只能聽指揮家的指揮演奏。可是作曲家和導演如果不能夠充分溝通,彼此對抗,出來的音樂作品肯定很慘。

問:你和張毅的公分母就很多嘍?
答:和張毅合作「玉卿嫂」是一次很特別的工作經驗,我們主要的工作夥伴都是在電影還沒有開拍之前,就開始著手準備,那是一種精神報到,我們不斷地討論,也交換彼此的工作設計意見,也就是說大家的公分母,每天都在擴展累積,電影還沒拍呢,我的主題音樂就已經完成了,那是一個擺在那裡都合適的主題音樂,因為音樂早已滲透進角色,滲透進劇情,有很清楚的個性,一種吻合電影基調的個性。

問:張毅的個性要求凡事完美,出了名的嚴格,你們的溝通有沒有困難?
答:那時候的電影音樂,還很迷戀李泰祥的大樂團伴奏曲風,可是張毅卻支持我用傳統樂器,也不反對我試著用電子合成器的音樂,很自然地表現出有中國風味,又不惹人討厭的「中子」音色。
我應該是第一個將苗人樂器「把烏」介紹給國人的,後來,把烏一度成為其他作曲家愛用的樂器,也有電影評論家說我們連樂器都選用苗人愛用的把烏,具體而微地反應出「玉卿嫂」中日戰爭在西南後方的時空環境背景,同時呢,玉卿嫂又是什麼事都往肚子裡吞的人,心裡好像是有千迴百轉,但是永遠說不出來,是永遠一個不會外洩出來的,一種情緒,這種性格對照把烏的低迴音域,恰當不過了,因為把烏的發聲,跟一般的笛子不一樣,它是用簧片,音域並不很高,但是吹奏出來的時候,特別貼耳,非常委婉,這種委婉,就融合了玉卿嫂的個性把烏最特殊的地方在於它很呢喃,像是在哭泣,又像是在唱情歌,屬於一種情緒上的樂器,所以選擇了把烏,就等於對電影的創作環節都做了全面觀照。
那個時候,我們還有個共識就是:電影畫面其實也是一種旋律,音樂就是帶動,護送這段旋律前進的伴奏。(作者註;張毅導演說起這段「玉卿嫂」的合作往事時,曾經表示:「我一直跟弘毅談的一件事情,就是很多的音樂在電影都是次要的,但是我覺得玉卿嫂的音樂,應該是主要的,甚至應該是跟著玉卿嫂這個人無所不在的,在那樣的標準之下,其實是很辛苦的,有很多的音樂,它是單獨存在的甚至它的本身有它的對話,有它的敘述性。」)
張毅在工作的時候總是繃著臉,你很不清楚他到底在想什麼,可是作曲家不願意自己的作品被否決或是被刪剪,你就得不停地去和他溝通,不管他理直或理虧,他總是不置可否,有的導演覺得戲的感情不夠,就會要求作曲家加一點音樂,用音樂來強化感情,遮掉不夠完美的缺憾。可是張毅就不會這樣要求,一旦他覺得有些戲轉不過去,說不過去,他就會把整段戲剪掉。不好,他寧可不要。他就是那種不斷地修,不斷地調整,一直要到最後影片完成才肯停手的人,導演不停地修,作曲家也不能閒著不管啊,那時候的音樂剪接工作很瑣碎,很麻煩,不像現在數位化了,調整起來很容易。

問:你曾經多次說過和張毅合作的最高代表作品是「我的愛」,可是這部電影的成就完全被醜聞事件淹沒了?
答:「我的愛」本來可以是一個國片的里程碑,當時,我們所有的工作班底都和張毅有了三部電影的合作基礎,默契十足,加上「我的愛」又是整體風格非常強烈鮮明的作品,我們都非常看好。
電影中的楊惠姍就是希臘神話中「米迪亞」的化身,她可以為丈夫犧牲一切,可是一旦發現丈夫出軌不忠時,她就會剛烈到「玉石俱焚」。我還很清楚地記得片中的兩場戲,有一場是楊惠姍黯然地坐上計程車,然後在台北晚上的街道上,毫無目的的在那裡,移動移動、漫遊,我第一次看到這段戲時,自己都被震憾住了,因為整個故事一路走下來,情緒已經到了爆炸點了,那個鏡頭呢突然讓我會感覺到她的徨恐不安與迷茫,那是一種脆弱,是一種無助,楊惠姍的表演已經清楚捉到了各種情緒,她的人往鏡頭前一擺,各種情緒就統統都在那裡面,最可怕的事是我必須為那一段精彩的表演寫上音樂,通常這對於電影配樂,是件很危險的事情,假沒處理好啊,你就壞啦,就把那一場戲給毀了。
我的創作過程常常很幸運,突然間就會遇上一個靈感。在五六0年代長大的孩子們都有過共同的經驗,就是在寒冷的冬夜裡,晚上過了十一二點以後,突然間街上會聽到一些叫賣包子饅頭肉粽和麵茶的聲音,麵茶的騰騰蒸氣吹得噓噓響,就好像是按摩盲人的哨笛聲,哨笛聲帶來的淒涼感覺,恰恰給坐在溫暖家中坐的人一種強烈的對比感情,那麼泠的天,還有人在外面辛苦維生,特別在暗夜時分聽到哨笛音樂,就可以理解當事人的落寞心境,我特別加進去的哨笛聲響,剛好搭配畫面感覺,非常貼切地組合成一個更大的戲劇力量。
另一場則是梳頭戲,楊惠姍不會歇斯底里大叫大吵,電影中她只是靜靜地在梳頭,不過,越梳越用力,節奏越來越鮮明,最後就是她把一頭長髮全都剪掉了,我的音樂就在這場戲裡滲透進來,越是安靜,越有一種莫名的恐懼,將戲劇效果襯托得非常鮮明。
其實,整部電影的藝術風格非常鮮明,只可惜,台灣的民情社會對於張毅、楊惠姍和蕭颯的婚變事件反彈這麼強烈,這麼深,一部這麼優秀的作品就這樣被新聞事件給徹底毀滅,再沒有人去討論電影的藝術成就,只淹沒在婚變的新聞之中,太可怕了。
我和張毅的合作關係可以用「一加一大於二」來形容,一加一等於二是數學上的定理,可是人和人的合作關係,如果只是追求一加一等於二,那就不如不合作,一定要大於二(越大越好),這種合作功能才有意義。

問:國片音樂很少改編其他樂曲的作品,你和麥大傑合作「國四英雄傳」的時候卻很大膽地將韋瓦第的「四季」加進了中國色彩。
答:現在想起來,只能用「藝高人膽大」來形容當時的心情。改編音樂這個創作領域,以前一直很少有人碰,所以金馬獎的這個獎連續空了好幾年,不是作品不好,而是根本沒有人去創作改編音樂。我心裡想,既然沒有人嘗試,自己是不是就可以放手一試呢?改編音樂的成功訣竅之一就是找名曲下手,改編夠份量的名曲容易讓人聽得見,你的努力也比較讓人聽得出來。
麥大傑是很年輕的導演,在八0年代初期就是那種每天戴著walkman(隨身聽) 聽自己音樂的年輕人,「國四英雄傳」講的是高中聯考失敗的國中生準備重考的那一年故事,聯考是台灣人都經歷過的噩夢,麥大傑雖然是香港人,大致上還很能掌握住那種全家備戰上戰場的歲月感覺,不過,他除了拍片,還忙著交女朋友,所以音樂的事情他幾乎都任我去玩,只要事先把想法先告訴他就好了。
我選用的四季音樂片段是韋瓦第「四季」中的「秋」和「冬」兩段,配合男主角上課遲到、趕搭公車等一些劇情表現出緊繃的情緒和時空壓力,很多時候我都把韋瓦第的音樂的拆開來嘗試新組合,把以前不曾試過的技法都給合在一起,非常強烈,非常好玩。
一方面也是因為韋瓦第的「四季」沒有那麼濃烈的地方色彩,另一方面也是因為我那個時候玩電子音樂玩得小有心得了,重新表現四季並不太難,可是,這些都是在錄音室裡自己玩得很過癮的往事而已,因為不管你音樂做得多用心,到了戲院裡,就很尷尬,因為你什麼都聽不見了,絕大多數的國片戲院音響都很簡陋,高低音全都聽不見,而且那個年代,音響效果還都是 mono 呢,真是慘不忍聽。(作者註:後來有線電視的電影台也曾多次播出「國四英雄傳」,一方面是畫面規格沒有統一,人物常被去頭遮面,另一方面,單軌的聲音高亢刺身,給人殘破單薄的感覺,聽不出得獎的質感,也聽不出作曲家 的創意效果,殊為可惜)。

問:尼羅河女兒的音樂很簡短,可是卻以小搏大,替你奪得了第三座金馬獎?
答:得不得獎,有時候是靠運氣。和侯孝賢合作,我可以拿打麻將做個比方,一般人打家庭麻將,五十二十就玩得很開心,可是一旦你打開了,五百一千的打,小牌就懶得打了,而且小牌也不和了,不是清一色的大牌就不和。那時候,我自己作曲也有相當經驗了,一直想試試大手筆的玩法,試試各種既新又變的作曲方式,就像到卡拉ok唱歌,你就是懶得唱那些熟得不能再熟的老調了,你會希望每次都唱新歌。
和侯導合作很單純,也很清楚。我們不過談了兩次話,我就找到了公分母,短短的四十五秒長的音樂,不必再去加長,也不必濃縮,就可以從吵嚷的兄妹爭吵帶出女主角楊林的個性旋律。
電影其實是改編自日本的漫畫,再由朱天文把它改成小說,請到了流行歌手楊林來擔任女角角,在朱天文的小說裡,描寫裡面女主角是一個AB型的女孩子,她又是雙魚座的個性,那等於是有四重的人格,非常的複雜,但是她的個性,基本上又非常的孤獨,又非常的叛逆,碰到這這樣的一個角色人物的時候,是很難在音樂上找到明確的座標與定位的,只能從片子裡面去發掘靈感。
例如我印象最深刻的是片頭開場,楊林和狗狗無所是事玩在一起的畫面,然後楊林唸著獨白,候導演說故事的輯輯又很另類,就是在片頭的一半就出現一段留白,我必須用擬人的手法,他前面所凝聚的一些張力直接表現在音樂上,我的音樂創作不但希望要言之有物,而且還要準確反映電影精神,而且不能太張牙舞爪,只要表達出完整的一種感覺就對了,於是我想到了一個聲音,一種三絃的感覺,因為女主角躲在漫畫書裡逃避醜陋不堪的現實,漫畫書裡描寫的是遙遠的埃及古文明,所以我選擇了帶有古味的三弦琴,也因為古老,所以不能用現代人熟悉的DO RE ME FA SO LA SI DO音階,所以我採用了採用了一個中東的美索不達米亞調式,一種古老文明的器樂文明感情。
我的音樂很簡短,可是旋律很合電影既古典又現代的混合精髓,整部電影重複出現三次,每次都很貼切,可是一般人不見得聽得出來這個奧妙,那一年的金馬獎評審有一位音樂界代表溫隆信先生,聽說他就一再向其他評審解說這個短短的音樂的巧妙,總算說服了評審,讓我得獎,如果換了其他人當評審,也許命運就不一樣了。

問:侯孝賢的「悲情城市」本來也找你作曲嗎?
答:我那個時候是作了一個曲子,但是發展的方式和調性精神都和日本人的不一樣,我完成的比較晚,那時候電影已經在威尼斯得獎了,換成我,也不會再換音樂版本了。

問:你一直替國片作曲,怎麼認識香港的關錦鵬導演,你們合作的「三個女人的故事」獲得了你的第四座金馬獎?
答:我和侯導合作完「尼羅河女兒」之後,侯導就介紹我認識了關錦鵬導。那個時候,我自己的創作上也遇到一些困難,主要是我替電視節目「八千里路雲和月」創作了「黃就是黃」的音樂,很大中國色彩的作品,可是卻惹毛了一群很有台灣意識色彩的電影,本來是好朋友,最後卻連話都不能說了。
那部電影因為經費經常給卡住,錢一直不夠用,關錦鵬也不能明確告訴我是不是要我來作曲,一直要到攝製組成員都解散的最後階段,才確定由我負責作曲,那時候,我很意外發現電影的攝影師黃仲標拍出了國片中少見的質感,印象非常深刻,心裡想說有這麼傑出的攝影,張曼玉、斯琴高娃和張艾嘉的表演又都是那麼精彩,就很想在音樂上也能有等量齊觀的表現。
關錦鵬的電影很有野心,台灣、香港和大陸的三地女子因為政治的關係,沒有辦法在自己的土地上找到生命座標,卻在紐約的大熔爐裡找到共鳴,我的音樂也試著表現這種國際色彩,就像三位女主角最後在陽台相會,唱起她們的歌,有很多的音樂是早先就散布在前面的劇情畫面中的,最後,等鏡頭一拉開,就等我的音樂重新整理,裝滿畫面。

問:林正盛導演的「放浪」中,你發揮了當初爵士熱愛者的本事,用薩克斯風呈現了非常精彩的浪子頹廢性格?
答:為了戲好,那是必要的要求,林正盛導演曾經告訴我說:「你如果給了男人一把薩克斯風,大概沒有了女人也沒有關係了,因為薩克斯風很能表現出男人對慾望的感覺。」男主角會吹薩克斯風,因為他的心裡壓抑了極多的慾望,最尖銳的就是跟他姐姐之間的感情慾望,那是凡夫俗子都他沒有辦法去真正面對的感情,他只能逃避,只能去吹薩克斯風宣洩心情。

問:在國片史上,我們很少看到有一部電影或是有位演員,非常精確去玩弄一種樂器,在「放浪」裡面,我們看到了李康生他必須很熟練地,當然也帶一點生疏的來吹奏薩克斯風你還花了許多時間教會男主角李康生去吹薩克斯風?
答:吹奏樂器和演戲是一樣的事,如果演員不會吹,只能裝模作樣,整體的說服力就差太多了,當然,電影的音樂效果還是要注意的。我們事先討論劇本的焦點就在於李康生到底會吹薩克斯風吹到多精熟的程度?我們希望他吹出來的薩克斯風裡面,帶有點私人的情緒,然後我們要去分析去解剖,到底要音樂表現多少層次的內涵,我和導演就一樣一樣把這些內涵挑出來,根據這個結果,我再來作曲,然後我還得要解決另一個技術問題,就是找誰來吹?找一位薩克斯高手來吹,一點不難,但是在電影上,爐火純青的樂師就不能準確貼合戲劇要求,因為如果李康生真有這種吹奏本事, 他就不必去放浪了,他的實際能耐以及他吹出來的東西,代表的就是他的文化,他的水平,太完美了,就失真了,所以還真是\n傷腦筋呢!
李康生很用功,很努力,學的有模有樣,剛好是愛好者的初學階段,只能根據音樂節拍,學會用肢體和手指來傳達吹奏這些音樂的基本動作,我們現場還是另外有一位樂師來吹奏,也算是「現場同步」的一種方式。

附註:
張毅導演談張弘毅:
我最早見到弘毅的時候,第一個印象覺得這個人像是個殺豬的,穿了一個很破舊而且很狼狽的汗衫,還紮了一條毛巾,還穿了個短褲,露了個毛腿,腳上還穿了個涼鞋,就那個感覺,覺得非常的名士派。

林正盛導演談張弘毅
跟弘毅接觸久了,你會發現他在內在有非常細膩的情感,那個情感,不是他的自我可以約束,他吃檳榔,也喝啤酒,他更抽煙,有時候是一種不夠,他要三種刺激一起來,我覺得那是他在音樂創作的一個很難平衡的寂寞,我們的合作關係很奇特,我也說不出個所以然來,一直覺得很自然的,很容易的就可以把一些很抽象的感覺很真實地顯現在作品上,我也沒有辦法說我到底怎麼跟他溝通,常常是酒喝一喝,就解決了。

星期五, 5月 19, 2006

與音樂的結緣 (My Destiny with Music)

我會接觸音樂,都是因為環境的關係,事實上我今年五十歲,你想想我在當小學生的時候是什麼年代,那時就已經有補習了,等我到了初中以後,正好學校在組軍樂 隊,我們那個校長又是一個羅浮童子軍,就是一個常任童子軍,他對學生的功課,或是一個學生的教育,都一樣重視,我還記得這位校長的名字,他常穿著一個成人 童軍服,所以我們學校的音樂教育,變得滿自然的。
My contact with music is entirely due to the circumstances. In fact, I am 50 years old now, you can recall the times when I was an elementary school student; even then we already had after-school lessons. Later, when I was in junior high; a martial music band was just about to be assembled. At the time, our principal was a Rover Scout, which means a Boy Scout for life. He not only emphasized the importance of the academic work, but also the student’s overall education. I can still remember his name, and he often wore a Rover Scout uniform. Therefore, the music education is naturally become part of the school agenda.

我初中的時候,碰到一個很好的環境,有個軍樂隊,有個好的軍樂教官,音樂老師,他是吹小喇叭的,我是吹小喇叭的,那我們在初一初二的時候,就能夠有一個豐富,音色飽滿,而且大家程度都很 好的軍樂隊,在那種環境下連續待了三年,也受到不小的影響,雖然都是進行曲,但是我們吹的譜子,都是非常好的譜子,在那個時候,耳朵就是已經開始很立體化,能聽到整個豐滿的、呼應的,各種線條的穿梭,整個節奏上、旋律上、合聲上,可能就是在那個年代上就被那麼好的音樂洗腦了。另外,在學校的音樂老師,有一個老師就是我非常景仰的趙老師,已經去世了。在音樂課上的時候,他是一個非常有魅力的老師,我想就是在小的時候有一個非常好的 環境,看到非常好的音樂,還有那些老師,自然而然的就會被他們影響,也希望長大的時候能跟他們一樣,我想跟音樂的接觸,環境是很重要的。
I had a very good environment in my junior high: a martial music band, a good martial music instructor and music teacher. My teacher played trumpet, this was what I played too. It was quite lucky to be surrounded in this rich musical environment with quality members from the very beginning of my high school years. I was trained continuously under such environment for three years, and was molded by it greatly. Although we only played marches, the music scores we used were excellent. It was at that time that my ears were developed to have the 3-D sense. And I could hear entirely the rich, orchestrated, and bouncing musical notes. Probably I was already brainwashed melodically, rhythmically and chorally by such beautiful music during that time. And there was this music teacher Mr. Chao who I admired greatly; he had since passed away. He was full of charm when delivering his music lessens. I think it was because I was in such an excellent environment, with good music and good teachers at such a young age, that naturally I was influenced by them and would want to follow suit when I grew up. I think the environment was a very important factor in my destiny with music.


首次製作經驗
我回想到第一次的製作經驗是很模糊的。事實上這是漸進式的,我在軍中服役的時候是義工隊,那個時候因為你能寫點東西,所以長官碰到有事情時就叫你做,事實上那個時候根本沒有想過叫不叫製作,可能叫做編曲吧。
My First Experience in Music Production
Thinking back, the impression of my first production is quite vague. In fact, this process happened gradually. I was assigned to “Artists Squadron” during my military service. At the time, because of my writing skill, my supervisor always gave me work of this kind to do. In fact, at the time I had not given any thought about whether it’s a production or not, at best I would call it music composition.


再來慢慢的都是在軍中發生的,那時候國軍每年都有一個「軍中文藝觀摩競賽」,義工團隊的觀摩競賽,經常會有一些腳本跟一些歌詞,交到你手上,你就是要把那個 事情完成。這裡面還挺複雜的,要作曲做完,要編曲編完,然後要帶領樂隊跟演唱的人,還要教唱、合奏。我想以某種觀點來看,所謂的製作,倒不是我們現在唱片 公司在錄音室裡面,很可能就是在那個時期裡面,那種概念那種行為,就已經在做。
What followed was a process that gradually took place during my military service. During that time, once a year, there was traditionally a “Military Literature & Art Emulating Competition” event in the military legion. Very often, some scripts and lyrics would be handed to me, which meant it’s up to me to get the job done. In fact, the task was rather complicated; firstly, I had to write the music and to finish the transcription, then to choreograph between the band and singers, and finally I had to teach them how to sing and how to play as an ensemble. I guess, from a certain perspective, the so-called productions actually didn’t start in the recording studio of a record company; it’s more likely that during the period of my military service, the concept and action had already been practiced.


最誠實的講,事實上那個時候就已經開始了,等到真正進入商業製作的話,是跟全美合作,就是許景淳、趙詠華,不過基本上扮演的角色,還是跟編曲作曲有關。所謂的製作,我想她們兩位都太好了,事實上你要操心或擔心的事並不會很多,她們兩個女孩子知道自己要做什麼,我們只是提醒她們要注意些什麼東西,那時的製作, 唱片公司的老闆可能都陪著你,你說是完全獨立嗎?也未必,因為參與的人滿多的,然後大家非常非常的自然,真正等到後面的時候,獨當一面,完全由我自己負責 這種例子其實都很少,我滿喜歡在錄音的時候,旁邊有很多朋友,我不知道這樣講你們了解嗎?有很多人都有參與製作的部分,那到最後名字上面寫的是我,事實上 也未必盡然。
Honestly speaking, I think it started from that moment already; but the commercial productions began with the cooperation with Chuan-Mei, i.e., with Christine Hsu, and Cyndi Chaw. However, basically, my role at that time was mainly in transcription and composition. I think both girls were excellent, not much for me to concern or worry about. They knew what they were supposed to do and they were excellent, we just reminded them on some particular points; that’s all. In those days, for a production project, the boss of the record company was probably there to keep you company all the time. You think the work was totally independent? Not necessary, because there were a whole bunch of people participated in a very natural way. I might have to work alone and take the full responsibility at the very end, but such case was rare. I like to be surrounded with friends while working in the recording studio. I don’t know whether you understand my point or not. There were many people taking part in producing the music, but at the end only my name was shown, which was misleading in a way.

合作過印象最深刻的歌手
印象最深刻的歌手應該是齊豫,因為我跟她合作的最少,我一直相信她並不只是天生的一個歌手,她的人生觀,最讓我好奇的是她潛質的一個能量,我一直覺得她還有 很大的一塊可以表現出來的空間,只是因為我們只合作過一次,沒有機會去繼續再去探索這個問題,她那個時候唱一首歌叫「怨女」,是張愛玲小說改編的電影。當 然,許景淳、趙詠華也都讓我印象非常的深刻。

The Most Memorable Singer That I Worked With
I think Chyi Yu would be the most memorable singer because we had the least amount of work together. I always believed that aside from that she was a born-singer, her outlook on life impressed me too, and I was most curious about the energy of her innate quality. I always believed she still had a big potential waiting to be manifested. However, we had only worked together once, and I had no chance to probe further on this subject. At that time, she recorded the theme song for the movie entitled “Rouge of the North”, which was adapted from a novel written by Eileen Chang. Of course, Christine Hsu, and Cyndi Chaw also impressed me deeply.

最難忘的錄音經驗
最難忘的錄音經驗是樂隊已經在錄音棚裡面等你了,都已經在調音了,但你譜子還沒寫好。我想只要是創作人,或多或少都會有這種經驗,因為那時候開始,在錄音室裡面,每一秒鐘都得付錢,那個錢有時是你自己付的,有時是唱片公司付的,但是總是很不好意思,經常會汗流浹背,你自己會非常的焦慮、疲倦,就剩下最後一塊 沒有寫好,你對你現在手上寫出來的東西你都不滿意,但大家都非常的friendly,都不希望給你壓力,但是都在等你的東西,就是我最難忘的一種錄音經驗。
The Most Unforgettable Recording Experience
The most unforgettable recording experience was when the band was waiting for you and was already tuning up in the recording studio, yet your score was not ready. I think all producers shared more or less this experience. Because from that moment on, in the recording studio, every second costs money – sometimes it was paid from your own pocket, other times by the record company. Either way, it was very embarrassing; you sweated profusely. You felt very anxious, exhausted, and there was this one last part that’s still not ready, you were not satisfied with what you’ve got so far, and everyone appeared to be very “friendly”, and didn’t want to give you more pressure, but all were waiting for your “stuff”. This was my most unforgettable recording experience.

製作過最具特殊感情的歌
在那麼多的狀況之下,我做過兩條,一個就是齊豫,剛剛的那條歌叫「怨女」,另外一條就是由慎芝大姊作詞,我譜曲的「玫瑰人生」,這兩首曲子都非常的驚心動魄。像慎芝的詞「玫瑰人生」一開始就是"該你多少在前世,如何還得起"我覺得對我來講非常訝異的就是,男女之情的關係,可以在她筆下伸展到那麼深遠,換句話說,這個歌詞就是前世的事、今世的事、來世的事通通談完了。
Song Productions With Most Special Feelings
Having been through so many situations, there are two of them. One was mentioned earlier, the theme song from “Rouge of the North”, performed by Chyi Yu, and the other is called “Rose Life”, the lyrics were written by Ms. Shen Zhi, and I did the composition for it. Both tunes can be described as heart shaking and soul stirring.
For instance, in the lyrics of “Rose Life” by Shen Zhi, which begin with “What I owed you in previous life, how can I pay it back?” I was so astounded that under her pen the relationships between men and women can be extended so deep; in other words, the lyrics have summed up the stories of the past, the present, and the future.

另外一個就是「怨女」的詞,那個詞也很有意思,開始是說"一生的錯,開始在黃昏後,請你挪近燈火",我看了那麼多詞,你知道,就是這兩個詞,可能我自己跟電影有關係,因為我自己是學電影音樂的,或是說絕大部分的精力是花在這件事上,就是那種你看到了詞後,從詞意裡面你看到的影像,這兩個就是讓我非常深刻的,還有其他很好的,只是現在沒想起來。
The other one is the lyrics of “Rouge of the North”, which are also very interesting. The lyrics begin with “The mistake of my life begins after the sunset. Please move the candlelight closer.” I have read so many lyrics, you know, but these two pieces of lyrics struck me most. It may have to do with my background in writing music for movies, or you may say I spent most of my effort in this field. These are examples of after reading the lyrics you are able to imagine the scenes. These two pieces left me with very deep impressions. There are other good ones too, but I can’t recall them now.


選歌的原則
專輯可以分成兩部分,一個是我是整張專輯全部的製作人,或者是我是整張專輯裡部分的製作人。全部製作人的時候,我對這張專輯的看法就比較容易,那時候整個感覺聽起來就是能夠傳遞一個感動,因為現在我們整個社會多元化的關係,有時候一條好聽的歌不見得某甲聽了喜歡,某乙聽了也喜歡,這種事常常發生,我相信你也會有這個經驗。
Principles in Song Selections for Production
There are two kinds of album, one is entirely my own production, and the other is only partly. If I am the sole producer, my viewpoint for this album is easier. What I want is that the music can reach and touch the person after listening through the album. Because our society is so diversified now, sometimes a good song can be appreciated by one person but not by another. These things happen quite often, I am sure you also have similar experiences.


但是當一整張專輯都是出在你手上,不管你考慮的多周詳,這裡面的思維方式,或者你的美學標準有關係,然後你也會思前顧後的,比較重要的,一下子會有一條快歌,一下子會有一條慢歌,一下風花雪月,一下子又有個什麼東西。我覺得大家聽下來的時候,就是要聽的下去,那這裡面會留下一些東西,印象比較深刻,最好的一個辦法,她裡面要有一個感動,所謂的touch,或者說另外一個講法就是,let the music moves u,moves能夠觸動你。假使說是在一個有三、四個人參與的專輯,我倒是希望能夠知道人家在做什麼,要不然就是變成閉門造車。
Nevertheless, when you are the sole producer of an album, regardless how thorough you have gone through the planning, there are still elements that have to do with the way of thinking, or perhaps with your aesthetic standards. In any case, you’d ponder over from all angles, and what’s more important. A song with a fast tempo followed by a slow one, a romantic tune and then something different… I think a good album is that the listeners will like to play through it, and receive something from it, some impressions in the end. The best way to do so is to have “touch” in the music. Or to put it differently, “let the music moves you”, or touch you. If I am involved in a production of an album with three or four co-producers, then I am rather glad that I can have the opportunity to learn more about what others are doing; otherwise, I’d be like “building a cart behind closed doors”.


我覺得倒不是我們上面,就是所謂的總監、總製作人,只有他一個人知道就好,我一直希望所有參與的人整個team到中間的時候都能有互動,才知道我今天在這樣的一個局裡面,我應該扮演什麼角色,別人怎麼做我怎麼做。就是你不能做一些東西的時候,你就是獨樹一格的,然後跟其他參與的人的東西都不一樣,可能就是我的原則,我會非常想知道我能夠扮演什麼角色。
I'd prefer not only the person on the top, the so-called general supervisor or general producer, knows what I am doing. I always hope that when we are put to work everyone in the team is able to interact with each other; this is the way that I get to appreciate the role I play in the present situation, and to respond accordingly to other players. But when you can no longer participate in the teamwork, that is where your personal style comes in, and your stuff will be totally different from those of other participants. Probably it is because of my principle, I’d very much like to know what is my role in a given situation.


最喜歡的音樂型態
在年輕的時候,我最喜歡的音樂型態是爵士樂,爵士樂的be-bop, 就這麼快的東西,還有更快的,那可能是技巧掛帥。我現在喜歡的東西,變成一種有趣,又不會複雜,這裡面有訊息,訊息裡面要帶有感動,講起來很玄。這裡面包 括法國作曲家沙悌,包括聽聽莫札特,聽聽貝多芬,都是我滿喜歡的,至於說當代的流行歌曲,因為變化太快,我繼續聽不排斥,我現在沒有辦法講我喜歡不喜歡, 可能還要在等個幾年才有一個更清楚的說法。
Most Favorite Music
When I was young, jazz was my favorite music. The be-bop of jazz has such a fast tempo, and there’re some other stuffs even faster, which may have their emphasis on technique. What I like now is something interesting but not too complicated, and with message in it. And within the message, there is the quality of “touch” - this may sound very abstract. The music I like includes those by the French composer Satie; I also like listening to Mozart and Beethoven. As far as today's pop music goes, because it changes so fast, I continue listening to it without objection. But for now, I can’t say whether I like it or not, probably it will take me another few years to have a better opinion.


最喜歡的專輯
我最喜歡的專輯,應該是古典音樂的專輯,這個專輯說來滿可笑的,是紐約愛樂的指揮每年做的聖誕節專輯,因為這裡面都是膾炙人口的古典名曲,然後用紐約愛樂這麼好的樂團,由他來指揮,因為每一首曲子都是我聽過的,只是換了個樂團或換了個指揮。我發現他們錄的又好,裡面的詮釋有獨到之處,他們每一年在那個時候有出新的東西,我一定會去買。
Most Favorite Album
My most favorite album ought to be a particular classical album. It sounds funny; this album is the annual Christmas Season Special, produced by the conductor of the New York Philharmonic. Because every tune in it is the most popular classics; and it was conducted by him with such a wonderful orchestra. Also because I know every tune in the album, but was performed by different orchestras or conductors. I find that their recordings are excellent, and the music interpretations are remarkable. Every year around the same time, they will have a new production; I make sure that I get a copy.


對台灣樂壇的看法
首先這個樂壇的定義要分成幾部分,一個是商業音樂的,還有一個就是嚴肅音樂,甚至包括舞台劇,不過綜合來講,我覺得事實上,我們絕對有資格能夠在音樂風格上 開創自己的一片天,但是我們到現在為止,在資源的整合上,不管是商業唱片,或者是嚴肅音樂的創作上面,包括舞台劇這些部分的時候,一直都還沒有一個突破性的進展。
My Viewpoint on the Music Circles of Taiwan
Firstly, I have to divide the definition of this music circles into several parts. One is the commercial music, and the other is serious music, the latter can even include the theatrical stage plays. But as a whole, as a matter of fact, I do think we definitely are capable of creating our own style of music. However, up to now, from the point of resource consolidation, we still don’t have a breakthrough in terms of the development. This applies both to the productions of commercial records, and of serious music - including theatrical stage plays.

我個人認為,事實上我們人太少,人口數不夠,另外再加上西洋文明大量的灌注,所以我們現在大部分是被影響、模仿,依然在模仿、抄襲,不管你技術怎麼好,你靈魂上面還是在模仿,你雖然被影響,但是下意識你還是在模仿,聽眾選擇的標準也可能是在比較。所以這個狀況之下,我一直覺得,實驗性的東西,不管是商業上面或者是在嚴肅音樂上面,還是需要一個有效的傳播媒體讓聽眾聽到。
Personally, I think the problem is that we don’t have enough people. Limited by the size of our population, plus that we are inundated with western culture, we are still being influenced and still imitating. No matter how good your technique is, in your soul you are still imitating and copying. Although you think you are only being influenced, subconsciously, you are actually imitating. The criteria used by the audience may also base on comparison. Therefore, under such conditions, I always feel that for any experimental work, regardless it is commercial music or serious music, there still needs to be an effective mass media to reach out to the audience.


生活哲學
創作的時候全力創作,平常的時候盡力休息。所謂的休息,就是把自己變成一塊海綿,因為我們搞創作的你知道,真的在創作的時候是非常孤獨的,平時在放鬆的時 候,你就是盡量的跟每一件事情接觸,那另外來講,我覺得總是讓一家庭維繫的非常好。我很感謝我有一個太太,所以我不必擔心很多事情,全力的去創作,那麼多年下來,我對這個事情特別有感覺。

Philosophy Of Living
“When creating, do it with your utmost effort; for the remaining time, rest as much as you can.” The so-called rest is let myself become like a sponge, because as you know we who create (music) is very lonely when we are in that process. When you rest, you want to be in touch with everything around you. Additionally, I would like to keep a good atmosphere in the family. I am very grateful that I have a wife, so that I don’t need to worry about many things, I can devote all my energy to creating. Over so many years, I feel strongly in this regard.

成功秘訣
我覺得挺幸運的,我可能是少數幾個靠風格,來從事音樂工作的音樂家。靠風格就是說,當然人家講這個事情我們請張弘毅老師來做怎麼樣,當然他知道說這個事情請他來做,應該會有什麼結果,這就是風格,我們講一個style, 在這個事情上我一直覺得說,一個作曲家他應該非常的有自尊,那骨子裡面有一骨傲骨,但傲骨裡面還要有一點謙虛,就是看到人家好的東西,或是聽到不知道的東西,先不要下定論,因為你總是隨時可以跟人家學到很多,新的一些觀念,或處理事情的一些手法,要有赤子之心、好奇,然後會非常尊重人家。
Secret of Success
I feel I am quite lucky; I am perhaps one of the few that can maintain my own style as a musician. Maintaining my own style means that when someone says: “How about we give this job to Maestro Chang Hung-Yi?”, of course, that person should know exactly what to expect at the end. This is what I call a “style”. In this regard, I always feel strongly that a composer should have his self-respect; there should be a proud bone in his body, but with a certain degree of humility. This means if you notice something good from others, or hear something that you haven’t heard before, don’t jump to the conclusion. This is because you can always learn something from others, e.g., some new ideas, or different ways of handling a situation. It is best to be young and innocent at heart, and be curious, which then will be reflected on respecting others.

因為我們在做任何事情時,通常到最後你只能做一個動作,我用一個比喻可能不倫不類,你在打麻將的時候,不管上家怎麼盯你,然後對門怎麼催你,到最後那個牌只有一次的機會,那一次的狀況之下,最好是你已經深思熟慮,做了就不要後悔,這整個狀況來說,你在打的時候要懂得怎麼欣賞人家的牌技,當然就是怎麼欣賞,這就是有一點點學問。
Because whatever we do, usually in the end, there is only one move left for us to do. Let me give an example that may not be suitable. When you are playing Mahjong, no matter how carefully played by the player before you, and how much “hurry-up” from the player who sits opposite, in the end there is only one chance for your next move. For that chance, you better make sure you have pondered hard and well; and once it’s done, there should be no regret. Generally speaking, while you are playing, you should know how to appreciate the skills of other players. Of course, as to “how to appreciate”, well, it certainly requires some learning.

但你打心裡欣賞的時候,你可能上張牌,為什麼要這樣打還是什麼的,有些人就是會算的很快,我年輕的時候打過牌,現在不打了。但是我在聽音樂的時候,是這樣的心情,總覺得人家做出來的東西,裡面不管多粗糙的東西,都有赤子之心,因為我們年紀都已經變了,就是很欣賞那件事,以前我們也有過,但是我們還有對這些事情的看法,還有一些智慧,所以我們在看別人做這些事情的時候,會抱著一個學習的心態,我想到現在為止,每天都在檢討我自己是不是能夠這樣。

But when you are really appreciating this game, you will perhaps try to figure out why the last tile was played. Some people are very fast in figuring out the whole situation. When I was young I did play Mahjong, but not any more. However, when I am listening to the music I also have the same attitude. I can appreciate the music of others no matter how rough it may sound; there is always the quality of young and innocent at heart in it. Although we all have changed as growing older, we still appreciate “that thing” we used to do, but now with more matured views and a bit of wisdom. Therefore, when we see others are doing the same kind of things, we will keep a learning attitude. Even to this day, I still question myself daily whether I can maintain this attitude.

最珍貴的音樂收藏品
我有整套的,甚至好幾套的爵士珍藏,這個珍藏可能是從愛迪生時代的錄音機錄的東西。我也有整套的貝多芬,不只是他的交響樂而已,他的弦樂四重奏,整套的巴 哈,整套的莫札特。事實上我覺得很多東西已經多到沒時間聽了,可是每當我心裡比較平和的時候,想要聽它們的慾望就有了。在流行歌曲方面,我蒐藏了非常多50 年代"beach boy",60年代70年代甚至嬉皮的這些東西,當然我們在台灣都買得到,大家都把當時最好的曲子給你整理起來,這些東西我經常在聽,然後我們一發現它們裡面還是有無限的訊息,不斷告訴我,那個時代好的東西,什麼是我沒有的。
Most Treasured Music Collections
I have a whole set, or even several sets of Jazz music collection. This treasured collection was probably recorded back in Edison’s era with his recorder. I also have a complete set of music by Beethoven; it not only includes his symphonic music, but also his quartet of stringed music. I’ve also got the whole set of Bach and Mozart. In fact, I feel my collection is too huge that I have no time to listen. But whenever I am calm inside, the desire of listening to the music arises. On the pop music side, I collected a lot of ’50s "Beach Boy", also music of the ’60s and ’70s – including the hippies. Of course, you can buy all these in Taiwan – the best and most popular songs were put together for you to buy. I often listen to this kind of music, and can still pick up endless messages. I keep reminding myself, of the good stuffs of that era, what am I still missing?

休閒活動
睡覺、散步、看電影。
Leisure Activities
Sleeping, Walking, And Watching Movies

音樂事業外最想從事的行業
行業?改成一個學問好不好?我想學數學。因為從小數學學的很辛苦,這應該是三、四十年前的事,但是我最近突然有機會從我朋友小孩那看到數學課本,現在講法跟 以前不太一樣,不是那麼硬梆梆了。你知道從事音樂工作,是比較感性,但是數學是非常理性的,只有對和錯,有解和無解。音樂同樣這個旋律,有解無解每個人看法不一樣。有機會的話,我想再學學數學,如果這樣說會變成什麼行業的話,可能會變成業餘的數學家,但是還沒開始。
Most Desirable Career beside Music
"Career", may I change it to “knowledge”? I would like to study math. I had a very hard time with math when I was young, which was about 30 or 40 years ago. However, recently I had a chance to read a math textbook belonged to a kid of my friend. The way the concept being presented is very different from before, not so boring anymore. You know, having a career in music is more related to feelings; unlike math, which is quite rational – there is only right or wrong, solvable or unsolvable. In music, everyone can have a different opinion whether the melody is solvable or unsolvable. If the opportunity permits, I’d like to relearn math. And if this talk shall turn into some kind of career, perhaps I’ll become an amateur mathematician, though I haven’t started yet.

張弘毅 作品年表

張弘毅作品年表

星期四, 5月 18, 2006

在上海聽玉卿嫂--懷張弘毅 (Listening To "Jade Love" In Shanghai – In Memory Of Chang Hung-Yi)



左下角,是他的白髮.....
Photo:His gray hair is shown at the bottom-left corner…

06-5-13 張釗維
06-5-13 Chang, Zhao Wei

剛剛聽到這消息.....心中波濤洶湧.....非常清楚記得四月的那 個晚上, 平生第一次跟張弘毅見面,在上海新天地的"透明思考"餐廳. 張弘毅在這裡擔任新民樂的總監, 已經兩年多, 準備把他的後半生獻給這裡以及這項音樂.我們來,是為了一個電視節目,希望安排拍攝新民樂. 張弘毅跟師母幾乎每個晚上都會在餐廳的某個角落,聆聽與觀賞台上年輕樂手的演出,思考還有哪些可以調整改進的地方.
Just heard about the news…. It brings so much turmoil in my heart…I can still remember vividly that particular night back in April when I first met Chang Hung-Yi at TMSK restaurant, in Shanghai Xin-Tian-Di Plaza. Chang Hung-Yi had been the musical supervisor of the TMSK new folk music for two years already. He planned to dedicate the rest of his life here and to this music. The purpose of our visit was to make arrangement for filming the TMSK new folk music for a TV production. Chang Hung-Yi, with his wife, could be seen almost nightly, at some corner of the restaurant. He was there to listen and to watch the young musicians’ stage performance, and to make adjustments and improvements wherever he could find.

這些樂手,都是上海首屈一指的傳統音樂表演者;張弘毅告訴我,要訓練這群年輕的樂手並不容易. 中國大陸近年來快速的發展,讓年輕人都流於浮躁,"必須把他們拉回來一點"; 當中有一把電吉他,"花了很多時間,才讓他不會飆得太離譜." 花白著頭髮,低沉著嗓音,張弘毅這麼說. 因而透明思考的新民樂不是另外一個女子十二樂坊. 它不張牙舞爪,不扭腰擺臀; 樂手們身著唐裝各自挺立在舞台上,但還保持各自的個性: 彈三弦的男孩,留著跟周杰倫一樣的髮型,看起來也跟周杰倫一樣酷; 彈古箏的女孩,手指飛揚的同時,臉上一直笑意不斷. 顯然她非常享受這樣的演出. 而他們所挺立的舞台, 後面是一幅巨大的牡丹蘇?, 前台則罩了一層薄薄的黑紗, 樂手們如雕像, 在幕後驟然彈唱出蘇杭小調或是平板快書, 配合著餐廳昏暗的琉璃燈光,那景象與氛圍,直如陳逸飛的油畫.
All these performers are the best players of Chinese traditional music in Shanghai. Chang Hung-Yi told me that it was quite a challenge to train these young musicians. Because of the rapid development in China in recent years, the youngsters tend to become restless; “I have to bring them back a little bit.” One of the performances who plays the electrical guitar, “takes quite a bit of time to get him not ad-libbing too much,” said Chang Hung-Yi, with a head of gray hair, in a low-thick voice. And as a result, TMSK new folk music is not another 12-Girls Band. The performers do not make striking gestures, wiggle their bellies, or twist their hips; instead they all dressed in Tong-Jong(1) and stand still on the stage, but each with their own personalities. The boy who plays San-Xian(2) wears the same hairdo as Jay Chow, and is as cool as Jay Chow. The girl who plays Gu-Zheng(3) always puts on a smile on her face while her fingers are dancing in the air; apparently she is truly enjoying the performance. Behind the stage where they stand, a huge piece of Su-Zhou style embroidery of peonies is set as the background, whereas the front of the stage is draped with a thin black veil. The musicians, like sculptures in such a setting, suddenly play the new music of Su-Hang ditty or Ping-Ban-Kuai-Shu(4) from behind the veil, with the dim lights from the LIU-LI crystals in the restaurant, the scenes and atmosphere are like the oil paintings of Chen Yi-Fei(5).

我可以感覺到,在這裡,張弘毅跟琉璃工房正在釀造著一種需要時間的沉靜. 而這沉靜,正是當代華人社會所最缺乏的文化元素. 在暮年之際移居上海, 張弘毅心中,恐怕還有一番宏圖大志, 我估計, 那是要以現代的方式來接續與發揚近兩百年來飽受太平天國戰火,帝國主義殖民以及大小戰爭摧殘殆盡的江南文人音樂. 如此這般的胸中丘豁, 絕對不是台灣的"衝衝衝"以及中國大陸的一切向錢看所能輕易領會的.
I can sense that, in here, Chang Hung-Yi and LIU-LI-GONG-FANG are brewing a kind of silence that requires time. And this silence is the desperately needed missing cultural element in the present Chinese society. Moving to Shanghai in his later life, Chang Hung-Yi must be contemplating some grand aspirations. Based on my assessment, he wants to use the modern approach to continue and exalt the music of Jiang-Nan scholars that has been devastated into extinction by the destructions of the Tai-Ping Heavenly Kingdom, imperialistic colonialism, and countless warfare during the last two hundred years. Such an idealism and ambition is absolutely beyond the comprehension of those with Taiwanese’s “rush-rush-rush” mentality or with the Chinese’s dogma of “money is everything.”


思及此, 舞台上忽然悠悠傳來熟悉的旋律."是玉卿嫂...."
On this moment of my thoughts, came the familiar melody flowing from the stage; “It’s the theme song from the movie “Jade Love”….”

我驚嘆.幽遠而不空泛,纏綿而不膩味, 情緒飽滿而有節制, 像是一片緩慢起伏的大海,暗暗地,有力地抽動著心緒 .在異鄉聽到這久未聽到的曲子, 直如白居易在長安聽到琵琶行,臉上盡力維持平靜,但心中卻早已波濤洶湧. 但不知,老家在山東,也在高雄的張弘毅,心裡頭是一番怎樣的景象? 在他剛毅的臉龐上, 我看不出來.
I exclaimed, the music sounded so far away but not vacuous, lingering but not boring, filled with emotion yet disciplined; it was like a spread of slowly waving ocean, stealthily and stoutly twitching the inner emotions. Hearing this tune that I hadn’t heard for a long time while in a foreign place, it was like poet Bai Ju-Yi overheard the tune of “’Journey of Pi-Pa” in Chian-An. Although striving to maintain my composure outwardly, my heart was already filled with emotions. I couldn’t figure out what was in Chang Hung-Yi’s mind at that moment; he came originally from Sang-Dong, also from Kaohsiung. I really couldn’t tell by looking at his steadfast face.

結束之後,我跟張弘毅在新天地熙來攘往的廣場上抽煙. 有導遊舉著旗,帶著旅行團觀賞坐在戶外喝星巴克咖啡的東方人與西方人. 吐了一口煙, 他跟我說, 他不喜歡吵鬧, 因此跟師母住在上海的郊區. 我們約定五月下旬的時候回來拍攝, 之後, 分手, 在上海七彩的夜空中.
After the performance, Chang Hung-Yi and I went for a smoke in the concourse of Xin-Tian-Di Plaza that was bustling with activity. A tour guide with a raising flag was showing his group around. Enjoying the sights of the Orientals and Westerners who were sitting at the patio with Starbucks coffee, exhaling smoke, he told me that he didn’t like noisy place; that was why he and his wife chose to live in the suburbs of Shanghai. We agreed on the filming to be set at the end of May. Afterwards, we said good-bye under the colorful night of Shanghai.

而就在剛剛,聽到了張弘毅心臟病發,過世的消息. 啊~~~~~ 跟他一起聆聽"玉卿嫂", 已成絕響~~唉, 萬分萬分感傷~~
Just now, I heard about the news of Chang Hung-Yi’s passing away, from a heart attack. Oh~~~~~. The possibility of listening to "Jade Love" with him again has forever vanished. ~~~~ Alas, extremely, extremely sadden.

Footnote:
1 Tong-Jong :Traditional Chinese costumes
2 San-Xian: three-stringed banjo/fiddle
3 Gu-Zheng: Chinese zither/harp
4 Ping-Ban-Kuai-Shu: Variation in tempo and dynamics
5 Chen Yi-Fei: An international renowned Chinese artist


星期三, 5月 17, 2006

張弘毅 簡介

1950年出生,高雄人,為國內最具盛名的作曲及編曲家之一。就讀高雄市立第三中學時,開始隨教官在學校的軍樂隊學習吹奏小喇叭,後來進入道明中學,又繼續小喇叭的修習,也參加了學校的合唱團﹔服役期間分發到憲光藝工隊,負責樂隊的演奏,這段時間的密集訓練培養了音樂演奏的技藝。退伍之後進入文化大學土地資源系就讀,1979年取得助教獎學金赴美國波士頓柏克萊音樂學院(Berkley College of Music),最初修的是爵士作曲,隨後便轉到電影作曲系,師承Mr. Don Wilkins Milk Gibes,進修電影音樂、傳統西洋樂、爵士樂及百老匯舞台劇之作曲與編曲。

1982
年回到台灣,此時正值台灣電影新浪潮,於是有很多音樂創作的機會﹔張弘毅從美國帶回來的音樂觀念和作法,使得總習慣以罐頭音樂或是依賴一首主題曲貫徹影片的資深影人,開始思索是否要撥出更多的預算在音樂上,以呈現豐富的視聽效果,因而也替後繼工作者開創了一條光明的道路。最欣賞的作曲家為《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》和《齊瓦哥醫生》的法國作曲家墨希斯賈赫,張弘毅的曲風也和賈赫強調主題動機的音樂風格接近,從劇本上找到聲音的架構,用樂曲來鋪陳內容。

曾經四次榮獲金馬獎最佳音樂獎,並多次榮獲亞太影展、金鐘獎、金嗓獎、金曲獎、金鼎獎。他的作品橫跨古典、流行與影視界。電影作品有《玉卿嫂》、《我就這樣過了一生》《看海的日子》、《稻草人》、《策馬入林》、《尼羅河的女兒》等數十部。作曲及製作的專輯則有許景淳、曾慶瑜、堂娜、趙詠華等歌手,張弘毅並且曾經擔任豐采音樂公司負責人,2006511因心臟病病逝上海,享年57歲。

 

轉貼自台灣電影筆記-文建會網站

張弘毅 得獎紀錄

1984 以《玉卿嫂》獲得第二十一屆金馬獎最佳原著音樂獎、亞太影展最佳音樂獎。

1985 以《國四英雄傳》獲得第二十二屆金馬最佳改編音樂獎。

1987 以《尼羅河的女兒》獲得第二十四屆金馬獎最佳原著音樂獎。

1989 以《三個女人的故事》獲得第二十六屆金馬獎最佳原著音樂獎。

轉貼自台灣電影筆記-文建會網站

 

張弘毅 作品年表-音樂作品

1983 《看海的日子》     

1984 《策馬入林》Run Away 

1984 《玉卿嫂》Madam Yu-Ching 

1985 《我這樣過了一生》Kuei-Mei, A Woman 

1985 《國四英雄傳》     

1987 《尼羅河的女兒》Daughter of the Nile 

1987 《大海計劃》The Sea Plan 

1987 《我的愛》The Love of Mine 

1987 《稻草人》Strawman 

1987 《期待你長大》     

1988 《媽媽再愛我一次》     

1988 《海水正藍》When the Ocean Is Blue 

1989 《晚春情事》Spring Swallow 

1989 《第一次約會》First Date 

1989 《三個女人的故事》Full Moon in New York 

1989 《悲情城市》City of Sadness 

1989 《厲鬼纏身》Split of the Spirit 

1990 《怨女》Rouge of the North 

1990 《兄弟珍重》Fraternity 

1991 《胭脂》The Story of Taipei Women 

1991 《大哥大續集》Fatal Recall 

1992 《兩隻老虎》Run Tiger Run 

1994 《禪說阿寬》     

1996 《春花夢露》Footsteps in the Rain 

1997 《放浪》Sweet Degeneration 

2000 《第一次的親密接觸》Flyin Dance 

轉貼自台灣電影筆記-文建會網站